Hyperpigmentation: Types, Causes and Treatments

Hyperpigmentation can affect individuals of all skin tones and is not usually permanent. However, it can persist for months or even years, especially with continuous sun exposure or without appropriate preventive and treatment measures. While hyperpigmentation is often associated with terms like ‘age spots’ or ‘sunspots,’ it’s causes extend beyond sun damage.

Types of Hyperpigmentation

Understanding the various types of hyperpigmentation is key to identifying the underlying causes and determining effective treatments. Here are the most common types:

Melasma

Melasma is often linked to hormonal changes, including those that occur during pregnancy. This type of hyperpigmentation can appear on different parts of the body but is most seen on the face and stomach.

Sunspots

Also known as liver spots or solar lentigines, sunspots result from prolonged exposure to the sun over time. These dark spots typically appear on areas frequently exposed to sunlight, such as the face, hands, and shoulders.

Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

PIH occurs as a response to skin injury or inflammation. Acne is a common cause, but it can also develop after cuts, burns, or other forms of skin trauma. The affected areas darken as part of the skin’s healing process.

What Causes Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation can be influenced by several factors, including:

• Sun Exposure: UV rays stimulate melanin production, leading to the formation of sunspots and worsening existing pigmentation.
• Hormonal Changes: Conditions like pregnancy or the use of hormonal contraceptives can trigger melasma.
• Skin Inflammation: Any form of skin injury, such as acne or eczema, can result in PIH.
• Genetics: A predisposition to hyperpigmentation can run in families.
• Medications: Certain drugs, including some chemotherapy medications, may cause skin discoloration as a side effect.